Health and Fitness Tips*
Provided periodically ... check back for new information

May 1, 2008

 1. Although each year more men than women become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), this gap is closing. According to the Centers for Disease   Control and Prevention, if new HIV infections continue at their current rate worldwide, women with HIV may soon outnumber men with HIV.
2. Water on the knee is a general term used to describe excess fluid that accumulates in or around your knee joint. Your doctor may refer to water on the knee as a knee "effusion." Water on the knee may be the result of trauma, overuse injuries, or an underlying disease or condition. The type of fluid that builds up in your knee depends on the underlying disease, condition or type of traumatic injury that caused excess fluid.
3. Short-term studies indicate that caffeine impairs insulin action but not necessarily blood sugar (glucose) levels in young, healthy adults. However, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, the impact of caffeine on insulin action may be associated with a small but detectable rise in blood sugar levels, particularly after meals. The amount of caffeine noted to have caused this effect was about 500 milligrams (or the equivalent of five cups of plain, brewed coffee) a day.  For individuals with type 2 diabetes who are struggling to control their blood sugar levels, limiting your caffeine intake may provide a benefit.
4. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) not only increases the risk of first-time breast cancer, it also makes recurrence of the malignancy more   likely, according to a report in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
5. Reducing the levels of a certain protein secreted by the body may be as powerful a tool in slowing heart disease and preventing heart attacks and cardiac-related death as lowering cholesterol, two teams of researchers reported. Some heart disease experts said the new studies    offered persuasive evidence that doctors should focus on keeping CRP(a type of protein) levels low in patients with severe heart disease.
6. Nearly two-thirds of the United States population is overweight or obese. Anyone more than 100 pounds overweight is considered morbidly obese (highly susceptible to diseases).
7. Numerous studies in animals, and five others in humans, have convinced experts that hands-only CPR from an untrained bystander is usually as effective as CPR with mouth-to-mouth resuscitation performed by a person trained in the technique.
 8. It only takes a modest weight gain for a woman to experience weight discrimination, but men can gain far more weight before experiencing similar bias, a new study shows. The notion that society is less tolerant of weight gain in women than men is just one of the findings suggested by a new report.
9. The nation's tuberculosis rate dropped last year to its lowest level since national reporting of the rate began in 1953. But the decline is slowing according to recent health statistics.
10. Fighting in Afghanistan and Pakistan meant that polio eradication did not go well in those countries in 2007, a World Health Organization report said. They are two of the last four nations that have not eliminated the disease (others are India and Nigeria).

*These tips, although from reliable sources, are not meant as a substitute for professional medical advice.